/**************************************************************************
* File: RandomShuffle.hh
* Author: Keith Schwarz (htiek@cs.stanford.edu)
*
* An implemention of a function for randomly permuting the elements of a
* sorted range. The algorithm is an implementation of the Fisher-Yates
* shuffle (also called the Knuth shuffle), which works by randomly selecting
* an element from the the array and swapping it to the front, then recursively
* repeating the process on the rest of the array. It runs in linear time
* and with only constant space.
*
* This implementation, by default, works using the system rand function,
* which is not ideal if cryptographic randomness is desired. Consequently,
* like the STL algorithm random_shuffle, the algorithm allows for a custom
* random generator to be passed into the function.
*/
#ifndef RandomShuffle_Included
#define RandomShuffle_Included
#include <algorithm> // For iter_swap
#include <cstdlib> // For rand
/**
* Function: RandomShuffle(RandomIterator begin, RandomIterator end);
* ------------------------------------------------------------------------
* Randomly permutes the elements in the range [begin, end), using the system
* rand function as a source of randomness.
*/
template <typename RandomIterator>
void RandomShuffle(RandomIterator begin, RandomIterator end);
/**
* Function: RandomShuffle(RandomIterator begin, RandomIterator end,
* RandomGenerator rng);
* ------------------------------------------------------------------------
* Randomly permutes the elements in the range [begin, end), using the
* provided callback as a source of randomness. The generator should be
* callable as a nullary function which produces a uniformly-distributed
* random value over a range at least as large as the input range.
*/
template <typename RandomIterator, typename RandomGenerator>
void RandomShuffle(RandomIterator begin, RandomIterator end,
RandomGenerator rnd);
/* * * * * Implementation Below This Point * * * * */
/* Main implementation of the algorithm. */
template <typename RandomIterator, typename RandomGenerator>
void RandomShuffle(RandomIterator begin, RandomIterator end,
RandomGenerator rnd) {
/* Iterate across the elements, picking a random element and swapping it
* to the front at each step.
*/
for (RandomIterator itr = begin; itr != end; ++itr)
std::iter_swap(itr, itr + rnd() % (end - itr));
}
/* Default implementation just uses rand. */
template <typename RandomIterator>
void RandomShuffle(RandomIterator begin, RandomIterator end) {
RandomShuffle(begin, end, std::rand);
}
#endif