/**************************************************************************
* File: Dijkstra.java
* Author: Keith Schwarz (htiek@cs.stanford.edu)
*
* An implementation of Dijkstra's single-source shortest path algorithm.
* The algorithm takes as input a directed graph with non-negative edge
* costs and a source node, then computes the shortest path from that node
* to each other node in the graph.
*
* The algorithm works by maintaining a priority queue of nodes whose
* priorities are the lengths of some path from the source node to the
* node in question. At each step, the algortihm dequeues a node from
* this priority queue, records that node as being at the indicated
* distance from the source, and then updates the priorities of all nodes
* in the graph by considering all outgoing edges from the recently-
* dequeued node to those nodes.
*
* In the course of this algorithm, the code makes up to |E| calls to
* decrease-key on the heap (since in the worst case every edge from every
* node will yield a shorter path to some node than before) and |V| calls
* to dequeue-min (since each node is removed from the prioritiy queue
* at most once). Using a Fibonacci heap, this gives a very good runtime
* guarantee of O(|E| + |V| lg |V|).
*
* This implementation relies on the existence of a FibonacciHeap class, also
* from the Archive of Interesting Code. You can find it online at
*
* http://keithschwarz.com/interesting/code/?dir=fibonacci-heap
*/
import java.util.*; // For HashMap
public final class Dijkstra {
/**
* Given a directed, weighted graph G and a source node s, produces the
* distances from s to each other node in the graph. If any nodes in
* the graph are unreachable from s, they will be reported at distance
* +infinity.
*
* @param graph The graph upon which to run Dijkstra's algorithm.
* @param source The source node in the graph.
* @return A map from nodes in the graph to their distances from the source.
*/
public static <T> Map<T, Double> shortestPaths(DirectedGraph<T> graph, T source) {
/* Create a Fibonacci heap storing the distances of unvisited nodes
* from the source node.
*/
FibonacciHeap<T> pq = new FibonacciHeap<T>();
/* The Fibonacci heap uses an internal representation that hands back
* Entry objects for every stored element. This map associates each
* node in the graph with its corresponding Entry.
*/
Map<T, FibonacciHeap.Entry<T>> entries = new HashMap<T, FibonacciHeap.Entry<T>>();
/* Maintain a map from nodes to their distances. Whenever we expand a
* node for the first time, we'll put it in here.
*/
Map<T, Double> result = new HashMap<T, Double>();
/* Add each node to the Fibonacci heap at distance +infinity since
* initially all nodes are unreachable.
*/
for (T node: graph)
entries.put(node, pq.enqueue(node, Double.POSITIVE_INFINITY));
/* Update the source so that it's at distance 0.0 from itself; after
* all, we can get there with a path of length zero!
*/
pq.decreaseKey(entries.get(source), 0.0);
/* Keep processing the queue until no nodes remain. */
while (!pq.isEmpty()) {
/* Grab the current node. The algorithm guarantees that we now
* have the shortest distance to it.
*/
FibonacciHeap.Entry<T> curr = pq.dequeueMin();
/* Store this in the result table. */
result.put(curr.getValue(), curr.getPriority());
/* Update the priorities of all of its edges. */
for (Map.Entry<T, Double> arc : graph.edgesFrom(curr.getValue()).entrySet()) {
/* If we already know the shortest path from the source to
* this node, don't add the edge.
*/
if (result.containsKey(arc.getKey())) continue;
/* Compute the cost of the path from the source to this node,
* which is the cost of this node plus the cost of this edge.
*/
double pathCost = curr.getPriority() + arc.getValue();
/* If the length of the best-known path from the source to
* this node is longer than this potential path cost, update
* the cost of the shortest path.
*/
FibonacciHeap.Entry<T> dest = entries.get(arc.getKey());
if (pathCost < dest.getPriority())
pq.decreaseKey(dest, pathCost);
}
}
/* Finally, report the distances we've found. */
return result;
}
}